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“Nagbabasa Ka Ba?” (Virgilio Almario: Keynote Speech at RodCon 1, February 3 2007)

I’m transcribing all the papers and talks which were presented during RodCon. I should really have done this earlier but what with a month and a half spent recuperating from a bout of pneumonia, plus another month recovering from something like–hell, it probably was a nervous breakdown (two close friends died one after the other and I was completely burnt out) , well, for most of this summer, I simply was not up to the task. Looking back now, it was stupid of me, and I should have been braver and more responsible. I am very sorry, I’m taking responsibility for issues left hanging, and I am or will be fixing those loose ends. I’m all right now, though, and after–I wasn’t wearing sackloth and bemoaning my lot in life all the time-sifting over what happened during RodCon, the mistakes we made, the successes we did achieve, and devising our plans for this coming year (we did manage to fulfill our goal of setting up an entirely new web platform over the summer), we’re back in form.

On to more important things:

This is the paper National Artist For Literature Virgilio Almario delivered on the opening day of the convention. I would like to take this opportunity–on the record, so to speak–to thank all the writers who came to the convention.

Tense and very wound-up on that first day, I listened to Professor Almario’s speech as if in a daze and did not process anything at all. Reading it now, I can see that it’s a helpful roadmap of what we can do and what we must do as readers and at the same time it also charts the potentiality inherent in reading as a form of nation-building. Naturally it’s contentious and I’m sure there are people who would disagree but I also think the speech should be considered carefully.

I did an English translation of the speech for non-Filipino readers of this blog. The complete text of the original follows.

Virgilio S. Almario, better known by his pseudonym, Rio Alma, is a Filipino poet, critic, translator, editor, teacher, and cultural manager. Growing up in Bulacan among peasants, Almario sought his education in Manila and completed his degree in A.B. Political Science at the University of the Philippines. A prolific writer, he spearheaded the second successful modernist movement in Filipino poetry together with Rogelio G. Mangahas and Lamberto E. Antonio. His earliest pieces of literary criticism were collected in Ang Makata sa Panahon ng Makina (1972), now considered the first book of literary criticism in Filipino. Later, in the years of martial law, he set aside modernism and formalism and took interest in nationalism, politics and activist movement. As critic, his critical works deal with the issue of national language.

Aside from being a critic, Almario engaged in translating and editing. He has translated the best contemporary poets of the world. He has also translated for theater production the plays of Nick Joaquin, Bertolt Brecht, Euripedes and Maxim Gorki. Other important translations include the famous works of the Philippines’ national hero, Jose Rizal, namely Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. It was deemed as the best translation by the Manila Critics Circle.

Almario has been a recipient of numerous awards such as several Palanca Awards, two grand prizes from the Cultural Center of the Philippines, the Makata ng Taon of the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, the TOYM for literature, and the Southeast Asia Write Award of Bangkok.

With his stunning reputation as writer and critic, in 1969 he was invited by the Ateneo De Manila University to teach in the Department of Philippine Studies even if he has not acquired a formal degree in language and literature. He only took his M.A. in Filipino in 1974 in the University of the Philippines. In 2003, he was appointed Dean of the College of Arts and Letters in the said university. In June 25 of the same year, he was proclaimed National Artist for Literature.

Nagbabasa Ka Ba?

(Talumpati Para Sa Read Or Die Convention Sa Grand Ballroom Ng Hotel Intercon, Lungsod Makati, 3 Pebrero 2007)

READ OR DIE. Mukhang mga kabataan at tigib sa pusok at alab ng damdamin ang mga organisador ng kumbensyong ito. Kaya, naisip nilang maging pangalan ang “Read or Die.” Ang lakas ng dating. Parang “To be or not to be” ni Hamlet. Nagkaroon tuloy ng himig na eksistensyal ang isang matandang sakit ng makabagong lipunang Filipino–ang problema ng edukasyon at ang kaugnay nitong palaisipan kung bakit hindi nagbabasa ang mahigit nobenta porsiyento ng sambayanang Filipino. Sa pamagat ngayon ng ating pagtitipon, parang parusang kamatayan ang hindi magbasa.

E, nagbabasa ka ba?

Medyo nakakainsulto itong itanong sa isang edukadong Filipino. Walang aamin na hindi siya nagbabasa. Bagaman ang totoo’y limitado at diyaryo lamang ang saklaw ng tinatawag niyang pagbasa. Ngunit kahit ang newspaper readers natin ay limitado at hindi umaabot sa isang milyon araw-araw. Isipin natin: Umaabot sa 90 milyon ang ating populasyon at wala pang isang milyon ang bumibili ng peryodiko! Hindi ba’t insulto ang ganitong impormasyon para sa milyon-milyong gradweyt ng kolehiyo sa buong Filipinas?

Ang mas malungkot, hindi naman newspaper readers ang nasa isip ng mga promotor ng kumbensyong ito. Pagsasabi nila ng “Read or Die,” gusto nilang bumasa tayo ng libro. Book. Akalat. E, nagbabasa ka ba ng aklat? O siguro, mas maganda: Kailan ka huling nagbasa ng aklat? May nauunang palagay na nagbabasa tayo at posibleng nakalilimot lamang magbasa nitong nakaraang mga linggo o mga buwan. Ang problema, baka karamihan sa atin ay nakalilimot nang magbasa nitong nakaraang mga taon. O baka marami sa atin ang hindi na bumuklat ng aklat pagkatapos gumaradweyt sa kolehiyo. (Teka, ang assumption ko nga pala ngayon ay mga gradweyt o kahit paano’y estudyante sa kolehiyo ang nasa pagtitipong ito). Dahil nakapanlulumo kapag inisip ang estadistika hinggil sa produksiyon at benta ng libro sa Filipinas. Karaniwang umaabot lamang sa 1,000 kopya ang bawat limbag na libro sa ating bansa. Pag naubos ito sa loob ng santaon, bestseller na. O baka mayaman ang awtor at siya ang bumibili para ipamigay sa mga kamag-anak at kaibigan ang kaniyang aklat.

Ang totoo, daan-daang libo ang kabataang nagtatapos sa kolehiyo taon-taon. Kung kalahati man lang ng nagtatapos taon-taon ay regular na bumibili ng libro at nagbabasa, may malakas at malusog na sana tayong industriya ng libro. Ngunit panaginip lang iyon sa ngayon. Sa textbook lang ngayon yumayaman ang mga pabliser. At kaya malimit madiyaryo ang korupsyon sa pagpili at pagbili ng textbook, lalo na ang DepEd. Kung kumikita lamang sana ang pagbebenta ng trade books, medyo luluwag ang bakbakan sa bidding ng textbook.

Balikan natin ang una kong tanong. Kung ang mga edukado mismo ay hindi nagbabasa ng libro, hindi ba’t mas maiintindihan natin kung bakit hindi nagbabasa ang masa ng sambayanang Filipino? Sa kabilang dako, hindi ko sinasabi na talagang ayaw magbasa ng mga Filipino. Na para bang isinumpa nga tayo ng Diyos para maging isang bansa na hindi nagbabasa. Nandidiri ako sa mga taong nagsasabi nang gayon. Ibig lamang nilang ipagmalaki na exception sila sa naturang masamang kapalaran ng kanilang mga kababayan. Na mas superyor sila o mas mahusay ang kanilang namanang DNA kaysa ordinaryong Pinoy.

Hindi isang bagay na natural ang pagbabasa. Kaya walang lahi o tribu sa mundo na tamad magbasa. Sa halip, reading is cultured. Itinuturo ang pagbabasa. Inaalagaan bilang bahagi ng kultura. Iniuukit sa isip at puso ng bata, itinatanim sa buong pagkatao niya, upang mahalin niya ang aklat na tulad ng isang hiyas at masarapan niya ang pagbabasa tulad ng McDo o Jollibee. Kaya kung kakaunti ang mambabasa ng aklat sa Filipinas, may malaking problemang pangkultura ang ating bansa. Ang ibig sabihin, bigo ang buong sistema ng kasalukuyang pag-aalaga at pagtuturo sa mga bata magmula sa tahanan, sa komunidad, at sa paaralan. Hindi nagkakaisa ang tahanan, komunidad, paaralan, at iba pang elemento sa kaligiran ng isang musmos upang lumaki siyang isang mambabasa ng aklat.

Napakabigat ng problemang ito. Hindi ito malulutas sa isa o kahit marami pang kumbensyong ganito. Wala ring nag-iisang institusyon sa lipunan na dapat sisihin. Sa tingin ko nga, lahat ng institusyon natin ngayon ay umaambag sa iba’t ibang paraan upang magpatuloy at lumubha ang sakit sa loob ng nakaraang isang siglo. Nabanggit ko na kanina, isang problema itong pang-edukasyon. Ngunit hindi ito problema lamang ng paaralan bagaman malaki ang kinalaman ng paaralan sa paglubha nito. Isang problema itong pang-edukasyon na nangangailangan ng dibdiban at malawakang pagsusuri at ng sistematiko’t nagkakaisang pambansang kampanya upang mailigtas sa parusang kamatayan ang kasalukuyan at dumarating pang henerasyon ng kabataang Filipino.

Napakabigat ng problema ngunit hindi nangangahulugang walang solusyon. Ang totoo, may mga ginawa na’t patuloy na ginagawang kampanya, gaya ng pagdiriwang ng Book Week. Hindi dapat isiping walang silbi ang gayong kampanya. Marahil, kailangan lamang ang higit na sigasig upang higit itong maging epektibo. Kung mamatay, mas pasiglahin. Kung limitado ang puwersa, umakit pa ng sektor upang dumadami ang tagapagtaguyod. Kaugnay nito, ipinagdarasal ko ngayon na hindi maging ningas-kugon ang Read or Die, at kung sakali, inaasahan kong ito ang isang bagong puwersa na pipigil sa patuloy na pagbitay sa ating mga kabayan.

Nabanggit ko nang kailangan ang dibdiban at malawakang pagsusuri sa tinatalakay nating problema. Kung baga sa sakit, para itong pigsa. At hindi ito gagaling sa pamamagitan lamang ng patapal-tapal at pag-inom ng gamot. Kung isa nga itong pigsa, kailangang hanapin ang mata nito. Hanapin ang mata at palabasin. Isang makirot na proseso ang pagpapalabas sa mata ng pigsa. Subalit talagang hindi maiiwasan ang pagdanas ng kirot kapag malubha ang karamdaman at kailangan ang matagalang lunas.

Ang tinatawag kong dibdiban at malawakang pagsusuri ay posibleng magdulot ng kirot at sakripisyo sa ating panig. Kung magsusuri mabuti ang bawat sektor at institusyon ng lipunan, natitiyak kong lilitaw at malalantad ang mga pagkukulang at kasalanan ng bawat isa. Masakit aminin iyon, ngunit kailangan upang makabuo ng isang bago’t dinamikong programa ang bawat isa tungo sa pag-aalaga ng bago at nagbabasang Filipino.

Isang halimbawa, ang aspeto ng wika ng edukasyon.

Matagal na itong problema ngunit hindi hinaharap. Apektado tayong lahat nito ngunit iniisip nating problema lamang ito ng mga manunulat at guro sa wika. Nakadambana sa ating tatlong konstitutyon nitong ika-20 siglo ang paggamit at pagpapalaganap ng isang wikang pambansa batay sa katutubong wika ng Filipinas. Mainam ito sa edukasyon dahil matagal na ring lumilitaw sa mga eksperimento’t survey na higit na mabilis na natutuo ang bata kapag katutubong wika ang ginagamit sa pag-aaral. Ngunit ano ang nangyayari? Unang-una, walang ginagawa ang buong lipunan, lalo na ang gobyerno, upang mapatupad ang tadhana ng ating tatlong konstitusyon. Ikalawa, at kamakailan, tahasang iniutos ng Pangulong Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo ang pagbalik sa puspusang paggamit ng Ingles bilang wikang panturo sa lahat ng antas ng paaralan. May narinig ba tayong malakas na pagtutol sa executive order ni Pangulong Arroyo? Wala. Pinakamalakas na ang isang sulat ni Mike Luz sa Philippine Daily Inquirer noong 22 Enero at hanggang ngayo’y naghihintay pa ako ng kasunod.

Sa kabilang dako, inaasahan ko ring walang tututol sa atas ni Pangulong Arroyo. Para sa akin, ang atas ni Pangulong Arroyo ay isang pagsasatinig lamang at paglagom sa matagal nating pagbabantulot na ipatupad ang tadhana hinggil sa wikang pambansa ng ating mga konstitutsyon. Sa puso ng ating mga puso, gusto natin ang Ingles. Baka marami sa atin ang lihin na pumapalakpak sa utos ng pangulo dahil naniniwala tayo na Ingles ang susi sa ating kaunlaran bilang tao at bilang bansa. Baka marami nga sa atin ngayon ang gusto nang lumabas dahil Filipino ang ginamit ko sa pambukas na talumpating ito. Anupa’t magiging makirot para sa marami sa atin kung sabihin kong isa ang wika ng edukasyon sa mga mata ng pigsa na dapat nating harapin, talakayin, at bigyan ng kaukulang solusyon.

Upang higit na lumakas ang ating kampanya hinggil sa pagbabasa, mahalagang isagawa natin ito sa pamamagitan ng isang wika na pinili nating maging wika ng literasi at edukasyon. Kung Ingles, Ingles. Ngunit kung naniniwala tayo sa ating mga konstitusyon at sa mga pag-aaral ng UNESCO at mga edukador ng buong mundo, panahon na para magkaisa tayong isulong ang wikang pambansa–ang Filipino.

Kaugnay nito, isang makabuluhang sangkap ng ating magiging pasiya ang wika ng ating aklat. Kakaunti ang pabliser na naglalathala ng awtor na Filipino. Ngunit sa kakaunting ito, otsenta porsiyento ang naglalathala ng nakasulat sa wikang Ingles. (Kaya pansinin: Puro librong nakasulat sa Ingles, at lalo na’y librong Amerikano, ang karamihan sa librong nilalaman ng mga aklatan sa paaralan at maging ng ilang public library sa probinsiya). Hindi kaya isa itong malaking sanhi sa hindi pagbili ng libro ng ating mga kababayan? O kaya, bakit ang minoryang bihasa sa Ingles ang higit na ibig pagbilhan ng libro ng ating mga pabliser? Bakit hindi nagsasagawa ng malakihang kampanya ang ating mga pabliser upang ipakilala sa madla ang mga aklat na sinulat ng awtor na Filipino at nakasulat sa wikang Filipino? Bakit patuloy nating pinababayaang magumon sa tsismis at krimen ang sambayanang Filipino dahil tabloyd at komiks lamang ang nababasa? Bakit hindi tayo gumawa ng dagdag na sikap upang magkaroon ng pagkakataon ang masa na makabasa ng mabuting panitikan at ng mga aklat na magtuturo sa kanila ng bagong kaalaman, ng mga aklat na mura ngunit pinaghusay ang paglimbag, ng mga aklat na magbibibigay sa kanila ng bagong respeto sa sarili bilang tao at bilang Filipino?

Ang mga usisa kong ito ay hindi nangangahulugang dapat iwaksi ang Ingles. Mali iyon. Kailangan natin ang Ingles at dapat nating patuloy na alagaan ang kaalaman sa Ingles. Ngunit kailangan nating ilagay sa dapat kalagyan ang pag-aaral sa Ingles kaugnay ng ating paniwala na higit nating kailangan ang Filipino bilang wika ng literasi at edukasyong pambansa. Sinabi ko na, makirot ang ganitong pagsusuri’t pasiya dahil nangangahulugan ng pagbabago sa ating luma’t nakamihasang paniwala. Nangangahulugan din ito ng kaunting personal na sakripisyo. Sa kasalukuyan kasi, kahit paano at bilang mga edukado ay wala tayong problema kung patuloy na Ingles ang wika ng mga aklat. Puwede tayong magsawalang-kibo at bayaang magpatuloy ang kasalukuyang kairalan. Walang mawawala sa atin. Ngunit kung tunay na nais nating isangkot ang ating sarili para sa isang pambansang kampanya hinggil sa pagbabasa, kailangan nating maging bayani. Kailangan nating isakripisyo ang sariling interes at kapakanan kung siyang hinihingi para sa lumilitaw na pakinabang ng nakararami.

Ang ganitong kabayanihan ang hinihintay ngayon sa ating mga edukado. Hindi natin kailangang makibaka sa digmaan. Hindi natin kailangang umakyat sa bundok. Bilang mga edukado, hinihingi sa atin ng panahon ang pagkilala at pagsangkot sa mga katotohanan upang higit na lumaya ang ating mga kababayan. Ang pagsangkot sa kilusan upang dumami ang mambabasa ay napakahalaga upang lumaya ang sambayanan mula sa kumunoy ng kamangmangan at maging aktibong bahagi sila sa Republika ng Filipinas. Upang kahit paano’y matuto silang sumuri ng mga isyung pampolitika at makaboto nang matalino sa darating na halalan. Napakalaki ng ating maitutulong upang mailigtas ang bayan sa parusang kamatayan.

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Comments

5 Responses to ““Nagbabasa Ka Ba?” (Virgilio Almario: Keynote Speech at RodCon 1, February 3 2007)”

  1. PinoyCentric.com » Nagbabasa Ka Ba (Do You Read)? on June 7th, 2007 3:20 pm

    […] Original text in Filipino can be found here. […]

  2. Read Or Die Weblog » Blog Archive » The republic of one hundred languages (1/2) on June 18th, 2007 3:17 pm

    […] his speech “Nagbabasa Ka Ba?” National Artist Virgilio Almario describes the decline of our local publishing industry and relates […]

  3. karen on March 11th, 2008 11:16 am

    Good day po!

    Ako po si Karen B.Baltazar isang 1st yr. student ng MSU-IIT. Nais ko po sanang magtanong sa inyo ng ilang mga katanungan dahil isang requirement po ito sa aming filipino 2.Narito po ang mga katanungan.

    1. Ano ang nagtulak sa inyo upang sumulat?
    2. Ano ba ang madalas o kaya ay nagiging paksa ninyo sa inyong mga akda?
    3. Sino po ang naka impluwensya sa inyo o gumising sa inyong interest upang maging isang makata?
    4. Saan po kayo unang kumuha ng lakas ng loob sa pagbuo ng isang akda?
    5. Anu-ano ang inyong layunin sa pagsulat?
    6. May pagkakataon po bang nangngailangan kayo ng inspirasyon para matapos o mabuo ang inyong akda?
    7. Mayroon po ba kayong hindi natapos na mga akda? Ano po ang dahilan o mga hadlang?

    i.email nyo nalang po sa akin ang inyong mga kasagutan.

    ken_Cena619@yahoo.com

    aasahan ko po ang inyong reply.

    MARAMING SALAMAT PO

  4. Andrea on March 25th, 2008 6:18 am

    Gusto ko ito. Hinahanap ko sa kasalukuyan ang mga koleksiyon ni Rio Alma. At ito ang nabasa ko.

    Malaman ang kanyang talumpati.

    Umaayon ako sa inyo!

    Maaari ko bang i-link ang inyong website sa akin?

  5. Slim Eazy Natural Remedy Diet Plan. | 7Wins.eu on June 24th, 2008 2:17 pm

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